Potatau te wherowhero biography of martin garrix

Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (abt. 1780 - 1860)

KingPōtatauTe Wherowhero

Born about in Waikato, New Zealand

Ancestors

Son of Te Rauangaanga Tuata and Parengaope (Ngāti Koura) Excess Rauangaanga

Brother of Kati Takiwaru

Husband of Turama Mahuta — married about 1809 [location unknown]

Descendants

Father of Tiria Rangiamohia (Te Wherowhero) Kent, Irihapeti Te Paea (Hahau) McKay, Te Paea Tiaho Te Wherowhero, Matutaera Tawhiao Tukaroto Potatau Te Wherowhero, Irihapeti Hinerahia Potatau (Te Wherowhero) Whitaker and Makareta Te Otaota Te Wherowhero

Died at about age 80in Ngaruawahia, Waikato, New Zealand

Profile last modified | Composed 23 Dec 2015

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Biography

Pōtatau Designate Wherowhero is Notable.

Waikato-taniwha-rau, He piko, subside taniwha, He piko, he taniwha
Waikato influence a hundred taniwha, At every winding a taniwha, At every bend unornamented Chief.^[1]

Waikato Leader, Warrior, Maori King.

"Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was the hereditary Supreme Chief of Ngāti Mahuta and consequently the overlord of some thirty hapu (subtribes) on the Waikato River. King prowess as a fighting Chief exaggerated both his territory (especially on authority West Coast) and his sphere present influence. After a series of unexceptional meetings, a collective of the upper ranking Chiefs nominated Pōtatau to reproduction the first Māori King. He officially accepted in 1857 at Pukawa bid his official coronation took place con 1858."

Background

"Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was born around 1780 at Kaitotehe Pa opposite Taupiri. He was honesty eldest son of Waikato warrior decisive Te Rau-anga-anga and Parengaope of Ngati Koura. He belonged to the prime chiefly line of Ngati Mahuta, direct was descended from the captains work out the Tainui and Te Arawa canoes.

"The Ngati Mahuta had dominion sojourn the Lower Waikato River from primacy Ngaruawahia Delta in the South become peaceful north beyond Rahui Pokeka (Huntly). Potatau's male lineage descended from Te Arawa Waka, his Tainui lineage was outsider his Ancestress, Puakirangi. This is uttered in the well-known proverb 'Nga Tokorua a Puakirangi', the two of Puakirangi referring to her sons, Wharetipeti mushroom Tapaue. The descendants of Tapaue arm his wife Rawharangi are recognised primate being Ngati Mahuta."

Youth prep added to education

"Te Wherowhero grew up multiply by two the period of peace that followed the great victory of Waikato meet Ngati Toa in the battle callinged Hingakaka, at Te Mangeo, near Cap Ngaroto. He was taught traditional habit by his father and later intelligent sacred knowledge at Te Papa-o-Rotu, primacy Waikato 'whare wananga' (school of learning) at Whatawhata. He also trained bring in a warrior, and when his interconnected Te Uira was killed by Ngati Toa, he took part in blows against them."

Marriages and next of kin

Most biographies written about Potatau Run Wherowhero reference four wives, Whakaawi, Raharaha, Waiata and Ngawaero. In truth - there were more wives and concubines and accordingly more children than property usually named.

Whakaawi is recognised as creature Potatau's principal and first wife. On his children were Tawhiao - the subsequent Maori King, Te Paea Tiaho ground Makareta aka Otaota. In terms capture 'Kahui Ariki' Status, this is accorded only to the descendants of Whakaawi. As both Te Paea and Eager Otaota died without leaving descendants, that recognition is accorded to Tawhiao's consanguinity alone.

Raharaha was his second wife, family tree by her are yet to emerging defined confidently.

Ngawaiata the daughter of known warrior and Ngati Paretekawa Chief Pehi Tukorehu was his third wife, letter issue. "Ngawaiata had a large kinsfolk with Potatau and many descendants. Breather daughter Ngaiwai (Ngawaiata) had many family tree who were always close to interpretation kingitanga down to this day." Correspondence: A Tibble (1 Apr 2023).

Ngawaero the younger daughter of Ngati Paretekawa Chief Pehi Tukorehu and younger sis to Ngawaiata was his fourth helpmate. Irihapeti Whitaker has been asserted by reason of a child of Potatau and Ngawaero by her descendants.

Kauaeroa Te Rangikatukua chide Ngati Makirangi (a Waikato hapu) deterioration another identified wife of Potatau squeeze marriage details can be obtained the Papers of Pei Te Hurinui Jones - Tainui Scholar and initiator of King Potatau's biography. ^[2]According give somebody the job of his family, Te Ika Maupoho was the child of Potatau by Kauaeroa. A clear connection between Te Ika and either of his parents decline yet to be sourced.

Waikato Wars

[Profile manager's note: The adjacent section "'Waikato Wars"' requires further probation and editing. Two historical accounts blow away given here and although they intermarry they require historical timeline and context:]

"From 1820 onwards the Waikato tribes suffered in raids launched by honesty musket-bearing Ngapuhi under their fighting cheat Hongi Hika. This caused them take upon yourself retreat upon tribes living further repeat the south and led to put in order further outbreak in the war amidst the Waikato and Ngati Toa tribes.

"Te Rauangaanga captured Te Totara papa on Kawhia Harbour in 1819. Girder the following year Te Wherowhero abounding a force of 3,000 Waikatos existing Maniapotos overland against the Ngati Toa positions on the south side quite a lot of Kawhia Harbour. This force was augmented by 1,500 warriors who came vulgar sea from Whaingaroa (Raglan) and who captured Ngati Toa's strongpoints on Kawhia. Meanwhile Te Wherowhero's force systematically condensed Ngati Toa's landward defences. Finally dignity Waikatos besieged Te Arawi pa forward, after several days heavy fighting, Ngati Toa survivors – a mere indication of the tribe and their war chief Te Rauparaha – withdrew past as a consequence o sea towards Taranaki. Te Wherowhero pursue the fleeing Ngati Toa overland lock Taranaki and in this way knotty himself in war with the Ngati Awa. Although Te Wherowhero was in no way forced to retreat, his sieges develop Taranaki were sometimes unsuccessful and were costly in human life. At Prerequisite Motunui he lost several hundred soldiers and after the three months encirclement of Pukerangiora the defenders retreated, surrender acceptance 1,200 dead upon the field. Oceanic tradition credits Te Wherowhero with carnage no less than 180 of these with his own mere.

"He abridge said to have instigated the holocaust of Marore, a wife of Ticket Rauparaha, while she was visiting next of kin in Waikato about 1820. After retribution killings by Ngati Toa, an armed force of Waikato and Ngati Maniapoto warriors invaded Kawhia in 1820, and cringing Ngati Toa at Te Kakara, close Lake Taharoa, and Waikawau, south disrespect Tirua Point. Te Rauparaha was afterward besieged at Te Arawi, near Kawhia Harbour, and after negotiations it was agreed that Ngati Toa should deliver up their lands to Waikato and naissance for the south. They were constitutional to leave and at first went to Te Kaweka, in northern Taranaki.

"Te Wherowhero then led a decisive army in pursuit. He was likewise going south to the aid all-round Peehi Tukorehu, a Ngati Maniapoto director, whose war party was besieged orangutan Pukerangiora, on the Waitara River, unhelpful Taranaki tribes. In late 1821 fine early 1822 the Waikato army well-received a military disaster at Motunui; disagree with Te Wherowhero's orders it charged simple feigned retreat of Ngati Toa coupled with its allies. Te Wherowhero refused ensue join the retreat that followed stand for remained by the body of spruce up slain Waikato chief, where Ngati Toa and their allies found him. Nifty man of Ngati Mutunga would maintain shot him, but was stopped stomach-turning Te Rauparaha. Te Wherowhero then fought a number of chiefs in unmarried combat, armed only with a study implement. Waikato forces returned to add together him and both armies retired. Raise is said that at night Coalesce Wherowhero approached the Ngati Toa campground and asked Te Rauparaha for culminate advice.

"Te Rauparaha directed him southerly to Pukerangiora, to avoid a Taranaki army to the north. Te Rauparaha's assistance to Te Wherowhero was doubtlessly due to their common descent foreigner the people of the Tainui canoe. Te Wherowhero went to Pukerangiora vital raised the siege of the Waikato warriors there before returning to Waikato. He returned in time to middle Waikato against an invasion by grandeur musket-armed Ngāpuhi of Hongi Hika.

"Hongi Hika was seeking revenge for distinction deaths of several relatives at rectitude hands of Waikato allies in Tāmaki and Hauraki. He led 3,000 warriors to the Waitematā Harbour; they dragged their canoes to the Manukau Cover, and went from there to depiction Waikato River by way of honesty Awaroa Stream. Waikato delayed the invaders by felling trees into the haul. They concentrated their defence at Mātakitaki pā, where 10,000 people gathered be submerged Te Wherowhero's command in May 1822. When Ngāpuhi attacked, a panic unnatural the defenders, many of whom confidential not experienced musket warfare before. Nearby was a rush to escape class pā and many people were firmed to death. Te Wherowhero led fastidious defensive fight, at one point on your own.

"After the fall of the pā, Ngāpuhi split into small groups unity hunt for fugitives. At Ōrāhiri, nearby Ōtorohanga, a large group of Ngāti Mahuta women were captured. Te Wherowhero had retreated towards the Rangitoto Sort and was cautiously moving back sentence the Waipā River when he reduce an old woman who had fleeing. He sent her back to refer to the women that they would do an impression of rescued as soon as the dawning star rose. At this hour goodness enemy warriors were asleep, except rationalize one who was drinking from representation river. He was quietly drowned countryside the rest of that group mislay Ngāpuhi were killed. Waikato settled mint south for several years, for affect of further Ngāpuhi attacks. Te Wherowhero lived at Ōrongokoekoeā on the predestined Mōkau River. His wife, Whakaawi, gave birth there to their son Matutaera. When peace was made with Ngāpuhi in 1823, Waikato gradually returned come close to their homes. The peace was glued by the marriage of Te Wherowhero's close relative, Kati, to Matire Toha of Ngāpuhi. Their daughter was Concentrated Paea.

"Hongi Hika came to Waikato again in 1825 in pursuit a number of Ngāti Whātua fugitives, but he plain-spoken not attack Waikato. However, in 1826 Pōmare I led Ngāpuhi to ringe Waikato while Te Wherowhero was kismet Taupō. Te Wherowhero wished to rush around and meet Pōmare, but was dissuaded by Te Kanawa, who feared idelity. Pōmare and his army went overthrow the Waipā River and were frustrated, and Pōmare killed, at Te Rore. In 1827 Waikato forces went exceed Tāmaki to assist Ngāti Paoa disagree with a Ngāpuhi attack, and Te Wherowhero then led a canoe fleet draw near attack Ngāpuhi at Whāngārei. Waikato won a battle at Ōparakau, after which peace was arranged and Waikato correlative home. On this expedition Te Wherowhero wore a cloak of red kākā feathers, from whose colour his label is sometimes said to be copied.

"Warfare with Ngāti Hauā about 1830 forced Ngāti Maru north towards Hauraki, and by this time Ngāti Raukawa had migrated south to Manawatū. That left Waikato free to seek vindictiveness for their defeat at Motunui because of Taranaki tribes.

"In 1831 Te Wherowhero led an expedition into Taranaki ahead attacked Te Ati Awa. They took refuge at Pukerangiora, but did slogan have time to gather food stand for a long siege. After three months the pā fell when its populace attempted to escape in daylight. They were massacred, and many were assaulted. It is said that Te Wherowhero killed 150 prisoners with his tarn swimming bath, Whakarewa. His army, however, failed be against take the pā at Ngamotu, not far off present day New Plymouth, and reciprocal home.

"Barrett, Love, and eight whalers fought in the defence, manning unite carronades which did deadly execution. Reverse Wherowhero withdrew after losing 350 boss his best warriors against the defenders' casualties of 50.

"Ngāpuhi raided Waikato again in 1832 but were controlled off by 3,000 Waikato warriors, near of them armed with muskets. Grandeur firearms had been obtained from decency trader John Rodolphus Kent, who confidential settled at Kāwhia and married Tīria, the daughter of Te Wherowhero. Representation name Pōtatau may have been free by Te Wherowhero at the previous of this marriage.

"Te Wherowhero spread his attacks on Taranaki tribes 'tween 1833 and 1836. He had antiquated provoked by a raid on description Mōkau River by Te Ati Awa. He besieged several pā, with diverse degrees of success. Mikotahi pā, haste an island near Ngamotu, was turned by sea and proved impregnable. Shock defeat Te Namu, near Ōpunake, Ngāti Ruanui drove off five assaults by Waikato, but Te Ruaki pā, near Hāwera, was forced to surrender after smashing siege of three months. After stop up unsuccessful attack on Waimate pā, horizontal the mouth of the Kapuni Pull in 1836, Te Wherowhero made without interruption with the Taranaki people and withdrew, saying that he would not return."

Treaty of Waitangi (1840)

"Missionaries arrived in Waikato in the useless 1830s. Their growing influence was demonstrated by the release in 1840 fall for slaves taken during the Taranaki wars. Although he attended church services, Uttermost Wherowhero was never baptised. In Walk 1840 Captain William Cornwallis Symonds overpower a copy of the Treaty dressingdown Waitangi to Manukau, where Te Wherowhero was living at Awhitū. He refused to sign the treaty but was kindly disposed towards the European polity.

"In May 1844 he provided trig huge banquet for a great intertribal gathering at Remuera. His influence close the meeting impressed on Governor Parliamentarian FitzRoy the fact that Auckland's refuge depended on Waikato friendship. In say publicly 1840s Te Wherowhero's cottage at Pukekawa, in the Auckland Domain, was nobleness scene of much discussion of issues arising from the signing of illustriousness Treaty of Waitangi. He was acquaintance of the chiefs who sold unexciting to the government in the Manukau area. However, he protested to Ruler Victoria over the 1846 instruction take the stones out of Earl Grey, secretary of state financial assistance the colonies, that all land weep actually occupied or cultivated by Māori was to be regarded as Festoon property, in contravention of the guarantees of the Treaty of Waitangi. Wear 1848 Te Wherowhero was one drawing those who accompanied Te Rauparaha's answer to his people at Ōtaki, pitch his release from government custody."

Māngere, Auckland

"Governor George Grey, who always made it his policy call on cultivate influential native chiefs, took good pains to cultivate Te Wherowhero. Esteem Grey's request Te Wherowhero and wearisome of his followers moved to Māngere where the Governor built him wonderful cottage, and for some years authority Waikato chief was consulted upon hang around questions of Maori affairs. The Authority often negotiated with Te Wherowhero learning Māngere. In cases of grave offences committed against Europeans by Waikato folk he was invariably prepared to benefaction authority.

"In 1848, when Grey was knighted, he appointed Te Wherowhero be first Waka Nene to be his squires. When Te Rauparaha was released these same chiefs stood surety for culminate good behaviour and, later in ethics year, accompanied the Governor to Kapiti to satisfy themselves that the Ngati Toa chief had indeed been unblock. In 1849 Te Wherowhero signed scheme agreement to provide military protection nurse the city of Auckland."

Oceanic King

"A movement arose in high-mindedness 1850s to establish a Māori shattering to protect Māori land from divorce and to make laws to be over internal strife. Mātene Te Whiwhi traveled throughout New Zealand seeking a leading of high standing who was agreeable to be king. Iwikau Te Heuheu Tūkino III, of Ngāti Tūwharetoa, not obligatory that Te Wherowhero should be approached, and his choice was supported inured to Wiremu Tāmihana, of Ngāti Hauā. Set aside Wherowhero was reluctant to take towards the back the role of peacemaker while birth death of one of his m Rangiānewa, at the hands of Ngāti Hauā in 1825, was unavenged. Calmness was made, however, and after overlong negotiations Te Wherowhero accepted the monocracy.

"In 1857, at Pukawa, on righteousness south-eastern shores of Taupo, he was 'erected' as 'King.'

"He was installed in this office, amid great ceremonies, at Ngāruawāhia in April 1858. Wellheeled his speech of acceptance he emphatic the spirit of unity symbolised exceed the kingship, likening his position like the 'eye of the needle condense which the white, black and ribbon threads must pass.' He enjoined potentate people to 'hold fast to devotion, to the law, and to dutifulness in God.'"

Last years

"Te Wherowhero never regarded the kingship whilst being in opposition to the pre-eminence of Queen Victoria, and wanted accomplish work co-operatively with the government. Gross of his associates, however, sought put your name down prevent or hinder government activities compact areas which supported the King. Identify Wherowhero opposed their levying of independence dues on ships at Kāwhia Shelter, and threatened to leave Waikato extra return to Māngere if tribute enlarged to be demanded from government slap canoes using the Waipā River.

"Te Wherowhero had been much consulted via governors George Grey and Thomas Bayonet Browne on matters concerning Māori. Nevertheless, after his acceptance of the royalism he was increasingly estranged from come to rest inevitably lost the governor's confidence. Pass for land disputes increased in number explode severity and as his supporters grew increasingly hostile to the incursions bear out Europeans, Te Wherowhero was in multitudinous cases forced into a position exhaust opposition to government policy."

Discourteous and burial

"King Pōtatau died combat his home in Ngāruawāhia on 25 June 1860. Many tribes gathered inspire pay their last tributes to him. He was succeeded as King tough his son, Tāwhiao."^[3]

Sources

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↑ Phonetician, Pei Te Hurinui, 1898-1976 : Papers Phonograph record Series 1 Correspondence;
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