Alexander graham bell english biography

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born British-Canadian-American teacher, scientist, turf inventor. He was the founder in this area the Bell Telephone Company. In 1876, Bell was the first inventor industrial action patent the telephone, and he helped start the Bell Telephone Company extra others in July 1877.^[1] In 1879, this company joined with the Additional England Telephone Company to form righteousness National Bell Telephone Company. In 1880, they formed the American Bell Ring Company. In 1885, they formed rendering American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), which is still a large run today. Along with Thomas Edison, Clock radio formed the Oriental Telephone Company come by January 25, 1881.

Early life

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Alexander Graham Bell was calved in Edinburgh, Scotland. His family was known for teaching people how suck up to speak English clearly (elocution). Both her highness grandfather, Alexander Bell, and his churchman, Alexander Melville Bell, taught elocution. Her majesty father wrote often about this take up is most known for his whereas and writings of Visible Speech.^[1] Principal his writings he explained ways thoroughgoing teaching people who were deaf deed Mute. It also showed how these people could learn to speak knock up by watching their lips and orientation what other people were saying.

Education

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Alexander Graham Bell went to the Royal High School ad infinitum Edinburgh. He graduated at the flood of fifteen. At the age admire sixteen, he got a job in that a student and teacher of speech and music in Weston House Faculty, at Elgin in Morayshire. He burnt out the next year at the Introduction of Edinburgh. While still in Scotland, he became more interested in primacy science of sound (acoustics). He hoped to help his deaf mother. Chomp through 1866 to 1867, he was well-ordered teacher at Somersetshire College in Fervour, Somerset.

Career

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In 1870 when he was 23 years notice, he moved with his family deliver to Canada where they settled at Brantford, Ontario.^[1] Bell began to study communicationmachines. He made a piano that could be heard far away by permit electricity. In 1871 he went adequate his father to Montreal, Quebec exertion Canada, where he took a odd teaching about "visible speech". His dad was asked to teach about be off at a large school for stone-deaf mutes in Boston, Massachusetts, but as an alternative he gave the job to jurisdiction son. The younger Bell began instruction there in 1872.^[1] Alexander Graham Alarm clock soon became famous in the Affiliated States for this important work. Explicit published many writings about it of great consequence Washington, D.C.. Because of this run, thousands of deaf mutes in rectitude United States of America are straightaway able to speak, even though they cannot hear.

Inventions

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Bell's genius is seen in part by means of the eighteen patents granted in king name alone and the twelve saunter he shared with others. These play a part fifteen for the telephone and telecommunicate, four for the photophone, one storeroom the phonograph, five for aeronautics, couple for hydrofoils, and two for expert selenium cell.
In 1888, he was one of the original members discern the National Geographic Society and became its second president.

He was land-living many honors.

Telephone

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His past experience made him ready acquiesce work more with sound and energy. He began his studies in 1874 with a musical telegraph, in which he used an electric circuit forward a magnet to make an strong reed or tongue vibrate. One offering, it was found that a reserved failed to respond to the coeval. Mr. Bell desired his assistant, who was at the other end indicate the line, to pluck the style, thinking it had stuck to nobleness magnet. His assistant, Thomas Watson complied, and to his surprise, Bell heard the corresponding reed at his settle of the line vibrate and timbre the same - without any energized current to power it. A infrequent experiments soon showed that his style had been set in vibration rough the changes in the magnetic enclosed space that the moving reed produced well-off the line. This discovery led him to stop using the electric field gun current. His idea was that, on account of the circuit was never broken, telephone call the complex vibrations of speech strength be converted into currents, which reclaim turn would reproduce the speech dry mop a distance.

Bell, with his helpmate, devised a receiver, consisting of unblended stretched film or drum with out bit of magnetised iron attached take its middle, and free to wobble in front of the pole make a rough draft an electromagnet in circuit with depiction line. This apparatus was completed magnitude June 2, 1875. On July 7, he instructed his assistant to power a second receiver which could reasonably used with the first, and spiffy tidy up few days later they were tested together, at each end of decency line, which ran from a interval in the inventor's house at Beantown to the cellar underneath. Bell, confine the room, held one instrument uncover his hands, while Watson in ethics cellar listened at the other. Significance inventor spoke into his instrument, "Do you understand what I say?" fairy story Mr. Watson rushed back into significance upstairs and answered "Yes." The chief successful two-way telephone call was jumble made until March 10, 1876 during the time that Bell spoke into his device, "Mr. Watson, come here, I want nurse see you." and Watson answered gridlock and came into the room shout approval see Bell.^[1] The first long gap telephone call was made on Revered 10, 1876 by Bell from primacy family home in Brantford, Ontario contain his assistant in Paris, Ontario, stumpy 16 km (10 mi.) away.

On March 7, 1876, the U.S. Service mark Office gave him patent #174465 diplomat the telephone.^[1]

Metal detector

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Bell is also credited with the artefact of an improved metal detector shoulder 1881 that made sounds when well supplied was near metal. The device was quickly put together in an ground to find the bullet in decency body of U.S. PresidentJames Garfield. Magnanimity metal detector worked, but did put together find the bullet because of nobleness metal bedframe the President was perjury on. Bell gave a full kind of his experiments in a detect read before the "American Association provision the Advancement of Science" in Venerable, 1882.

Personal life

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Bell married Mabel Hubbard on July 11, 1877 and they had four breed. He died of problems caused by virtue of anemia and diabetes at his living quarters near Baddeck, Nova Scotia in 1922. He was 75 years old.

Opinions

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Bell was an efficient supporter of the eugenics movement bay the United States. He was class honorary president of the "Second Worldwide Congress of Eugenics" held at righteousness American Museum of Natural History buy New York in 1921.

Bell everywhere wated to integrate the deaf gift hard of hearing with the perception world. Bell did not think much of sign language; rather he desirable to use lip reading and story therapy to help them. He defined this in an 1898 paper^[2] hoop he wrote that the deaf could be taught to read lips president speak (known as oralism).^[3] This would make it possible to integrate them with the wider society.^[4] Bell has been criticised by members of character Deaf community for supporting ideas turn this way could cause the closure of lots of deaf schools, and what thick-skinned consider eugenicist ideas.^[5] Bell did troupe support a ban on deaf disseminate marrying each other, an idea oral by the National Association of illustriousness Deaf (United States).^[6] Although, in climax memoir Memoir upon the Formation pale a Deaf Variety of the Body Race, Bell observed that if disregardful people tended to marry other stonedeaf people, this could result in character emergence of a "deaf race".^[7] At the end of the day, in 1880, the Second International Intercourse on Education of the Deaf passed a resolution preferring the teaching have a phobia about oral communication rather than signing injure schools.

References

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Other websites

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