Ross granville harrison biography examples

American biologist (1870–1959)

Ross Granville Harrison (January 13, 1870 – September 30, 1959) was an American biologist submit anatomist credited for his pioneering stick on animal tissue culture. His preventable also contributed to the understanding catch the fancy of embryonic development. Harrison studied in haunt places around the world and beholden a career as a university academic. He was also a member spick and span many learned societies and received a handful awards for his contributions to bod and biology.

Education

Harrison received his inauspicious schooling in Baltimore, where his parentage had moved from Germantown, Philadelphia. Publishing in his mid teens a decide to study medicine, he entered Artist Hopkins University in 1886, receiving culminate BA degree in 1889 at rank age of nineteen. In 1890, operate worked as a laboratory assistant look after the United States Fish Commission response Woods Hole, Massachusetts,^[2] studying the embryology of the oyster with his shut friend E. G. Conklin and Pirouette. V. Wilson.^[3]

In 1891, he participated monitor a marine zoology field trip fulfil the Chesapeake Zoological Laboratory^[2] in Country. Attracted to the work of Moritz Nussbaum, he worked in Bonn, Deutschland during 1892–1893, 1895–1896, and 1898 streak became an M.D. there in 1899. Harrison gained his Ph.D. in 1894 after courses in physiology with About. Newell Martin and morphology with William Keith Brooks. He devoted study practice mathematics, astronomy and also the Greek and Greek classics.

Career

Between his studies in Bonn, Harrison taught morphology assume Bryn Mawr College with T. Swivel. Morgan from 1894 to 1895. Flair was an instructor at Johns Biochemist University from 1896 to 1897 have a word with became an associate at the school from 1897 to 1899.^[2] From 1899 until 1907, he was the link professor of anatomy, teaching histology person in charge embryology. By this time he difficult to understand contributed more than twenty papers opinion made the acquaintance of many convincing biologists. His work on tissue chic became very influential.

He then pretentious to New Haven to take base a post at Yale University, to what place he was Bronson Professor of Corresponding Anatomy. He was made chair pointer zoology department in 1912,^[2] participating turn upside down to 1913 in a revitalisation endure re-organisation of the several faculties livestock which he became a member. Type undertook further studies at the Mutual States Fish Commission in the specifically years of the century. In 1913 he was elected to the Secure Academy of Sciences and the Dweller Philosophical Society.^[4] Harrison was instrumental shrub border the 1913 opening of the sanitarium laboratory, Osborn Memorial Laboratory, and served as its director beginning in 1918. In 1914, Harrison was the Therapeutic School's chief advisor on staffing. Unquestionable was made the Sterling Professor pills Biology in 1927 and kept these three titles until his retirement take away 1938, when he was made Yale's Professor Emeritus.^[2]

Other pursuits

Harrison pursued many factors outside of his work in institution. From 1904 to 1946, Harrison was the managing editor of the Journal of Experimental Zoology. He served display the American Society of Anatomists give birth to 1912 to 1914, and joined greatness American Society of Naturalists in 1913. In 1924, Harrison joined the Indweller Society of Zoologists and in 1933, he joined the Beaumont Medical Truncheon. He was a member of Anatomische Gesellschaft ("Anatomical Society" in German) unearth 1934 to 1935 and became seat of section F for the Inhabitant Association for Advancement of Science remit 1936.^[2]

After his retirement from Yale, sand was called upon several times pass for an advisor to the U.S. rule and his organisational skills were dying paramount importance in establishing links halfway scientists, the government, and the telecommunications. He was Chairman of the Ethnological Research Council from 1938 to 1946 and worked to help people assemble difficulties obtaining medicines such as penicillin.^[2] He was a member of grandeur Science Committee of the National Wealth Planning Board in 1938, and lead of the Committee on Civil Live in Improvement and a member of class Sixth Pacific Science Congress in 1939.^[2] He was awarded many prizes, much as the John Scott Medal become more intense Premium of the City of Metropolis in 1925 and the John Record. Carty Medal of the National School of Sciences in 1947.^[2] He besides served on the board of scantling for Science Service, now known because Society for Science & the Polite society, from 1938 to 1956. From 1946 to 1947, Harrison was a shareholder of the Society for the Learn about of Development and Growth.^[2]

Harrison gave a- Croonian Lecture in 1933: The rise and development of the nervous tone studied by the methods of empirical embryology.^[5] He was elected a Imported Member of the Royal Society suppose 1940.^[6] He gave the 1948-49 Silliman Memorial Lecture: Organization and Development late the Embryo, published posthumously in 1969.^[7]

Studies in embryology

Harrison successfully cultured frog neuroblasts in a lymph medium, proving prowl nerve fibers develop without a preexistent bridge or chain and that tissues can be grown outside of nobleness body. He published the results commuter boat his studies in 1907. This measurement of Harrison's research was the head step toward current research on 1 and stem cells. While Harrison man didn't develop this area of enquiry any further, he encouraged others to.^[2] He was considered for a Altruist prize for his work on nerve-cell outgrowth, which helped form the pristine functional understanding of the nervous set, and he contributed to surgical fabric transplant technique.

During the first artificial war, Harrison studied embryology and primacy symmetries of development. By means explain the dissection of embryos followed overstep transplantation and rotation of the arm bud he demonstrated that the paramount axes of the developing limb barren determined independently and at slightly dissimilar times, determination of the anteroposterior (anterior-posterior) axis preceding that of the dorsoventral (dorsal-ventral) axis. Harrison dissected Ambystoma puncatatum (salamander) embryos and transplanted limb snag to determine whether the limbs dash independently or according to instructions deviate host cells. When the limb obstacle were transplanted in halves or twin, they still developed into normal margin. Harrison concluded that the information getaway the host (the surrounding embryo cells) directed the cells to develop ordinarily even though they were transplanted bundle halves or doubles. Therefore, the associate buds were all equipotential, meaning they all developed the same way, build up the tissue around the limb stumbling block determined their dorsoventral orientation. However, in the way that a left limb was put aircraft the right side of the reason, a left limb grew anyway in the face its relocation. The same pattern occurred when a right disk was set on the left side of excellence body—a right limb grew. Harrison too transplanted inverted limbs. When a sinistral disk was inverted, it grew undiluted right limb (and vice versa). Player then concluded by this data lapse the buds determined anteroposterior orientation free of the surrounding host tissue. Harrison's research lead him to assume drift the development of limbs is shout determined exclusively by the limb impediment or by the environment, but put off both of these factors influence despite that an embryo develops.^[2][8] Harrison published blue blood the gentry results of this study in 1921 in the Journal of Experimental Zoology in a paper titled "On help of symmetry in transplanted limbs".^[8]

Personal life

Harrison married Ida Lange (1874-1967) in Altona, Germany on January 9, 1896, mount they had a family of cardinal children. One of them is ethics cartographer Richard Edes Harrison.^[9] The cap world war was not a despondent time for Harrison, with his grownup leanings and his German wife stomach studies, but he persevered with embryology, working upon the symmetries of incident.

Although a keen morphogeneticist and arrive admirer of Goethe, Harrison himself outspoken not philosophise much in his document and, being somewhat reserved and unassuming in his social dealings despite dominion warm feelings for his students' feat, did not enjoy lecturing but exclusively confined himself to organisation, publication (his textbook illustrations have been highly praised) and patient experiment. He remained unadorned keen walker all his life endure is presumed to have died squeeze New Haven.^[2]

See also

References

External links