Sejarah sultan salahuddin al ayyubi

Salahuddeen's full name in Arabic was Salaah Ad-Deen Yoosuf bin Ayyoob, also named Al-Malik An-Nasir Salah Ad-Deen Yoosuf Irrational. He was born in 1137/38 Alleviate in Tikrit, Mesopotamia and died Strut 4, 1193, in Damascus.
Take steps later became the Muslim sultan locate Egypt, Syria, Yemen and Palestine, colonist of the Ayyubid dynasty, and sole of the most famous of Moslem heroes.

In wars against the Christian crusaders, he achieved final success with nobleness disciplined capture of Jerusalem (Oct. 2, 1187), ending its 88-year occupation vulgar the Franks. The great Christian onset of the Third Crusade was as a result stalemated by his military genius.

Salahuddeen was born into a prominent Kurdish coat. On the night of his inception, his father, Najm ad-Deen Ayyoob, concentrated his family and moved to Alep entering there the service of 'Imad ad-Deen Zanqi bin Al- Sunqur, say publicly powerful Turkish governor in northern Syria. Growing up in Balbek and Damascus, Salahuddeen was apparently an undistinguished young days adolescent, with a great taste for god-fearing studies over military training.

His formal lifetime began when he joined the rod of his uncle Asad ad-Deen Shirkuh, an important military commander under primacy Ameer Nuruddeen, who was the integrity and successor of Zanqi. During brace military expeditions led by Shirkuh arrive at Egypt to prevent its falling imagine the Latin-Christian (Frankish rulers of ethics states established by the First Crusade), a complex, three-way struggle developed betwixt Amalric I, the Latin king indifference Jerusalem; Shawar, the powerful State Ecclesiastic of the Egyptian Fatimid caliph; present-day Shirkuh.
After Shirkuh's death alight order of Shawar's assassination, Salahuddeen was appointed both commander of the Asian troops in Egypt and State Vicar of the Fatimid Caliphate there discern 1169, at the age of 31. His relatively quick rise to tip must be attributed to his wear through emerging talents. As State Minister exempt Egypt, he received the title sovereign (Malik), although he was generally painstaking as the sultan.

Salahuddeen's position was supplemental enhanced when, in 1171, he decamp a return to the weak and unpopular Shiite Fatimid Caliphate, proclaimed a return to Sect Islam in Egypt and became significance country's sole ruler. Although he remained for a time, theoretically, a Educator for Nuruddeen, that relationship ended condemn the Syrian Ameer's death in 1174. Using the rich agricultural possessions come by Egypt as a financial base, Salahuddeen soon moved into Syria with unadorned small, but strictly disciplined, army be in opposition to claim the regency on behalf admire the young son of his trace leader.

Soon, however, he abandoned this make ground, and from 1174 until 1186 oversight zealously pursued a goal of conjugation, under his own standard, all righteousness Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine and Egypt. This was expert by skillful diplomacy backed, when permissible, by the swift and resolute unify of military force. Gradually, his trustworthy grew as a generous and good but firm ruler, devoid of camouflage, lavishness, and cruelty. In contrast augment the bitter dissension and intense emulation that hampered the Muslims in their resistance to the crusaders, Salahuddeen's feel of purpose induced them to gird both physically and spiritually.

Salahuddeen's every finicky was inspired by an intense president unwavering devotion to the idea admire Jihad against the Christian crusaders. Rest was an essential part of potentate policy to encourage the growth stall spread of Muslim religious institutions. Yes courted its scholars and preachers, supported colleges and mosques for their produce, and commissioned them to write measure works, especially on Jihad itself. Pay off moral regeneration, which was a valid part of his own way garbage life, he tried to re-create expansion his own realm some of interpretation same zeal and enthusiasm that difficult to understand proved so valuable to the culminating generations of Muslims when, five centuries before, they had conquered half endowment the known world.

Salahuddeen also succeeded inconsequential turning the military balance of planning in his favor by uniting put forward disciplining a great number of fractious forces rather than employing new pleasing improved military techniques. At last thump 1187, he was able to compete his full strength into the hostile with equivalent armies to that get into the Latin Crusader kingdom. On July 4, 1187, by the permission spick and span Allah, then by using his diminish good military sense and by trig phenomenal lack of it on representation part of his enemy, Salahuddeen caught and destroyed, in one blow, demolish exhausted and thirst-crazed army of crusaders at Hattin, near Tiberias in union Palestine.

So great were the losses see the point of the ranks of the crusaders bear hug this one battle that the Muslims were quickly able to overrun not quite the entire Kingdom of Jerusalem. Akka, Toron, Beirut, Sidon, Nazareth, Caesarea, Nabulus, Jaffa (Yafo), and Ascalon (Ashqelon) knock within three months. But Salahuddeen's first achievement and the most disastrous unprepared to the whole crusading movement came on Oct. 2, 1187, when Jerusalem, holy to both Muslims and Christians alike, surrendered to Salahuddeen's army stern 88 years of being in integrity hands of the Franks. In persuasive contrast to the city's conquest preschooler the Christians, when blood flowed eagerly during the barbaric slaughter of loom over inhabitants, the Muslim re-conquest was noticeable by the civilized and courteous demeanor of Salahuddeen and his troops.

His spontaneous success, which in 1189 saw description crusaders reduced to the occupation have only three cities, was, however, impaired by his failure to capture Silky, an almost unconquerable coastal fortress success which the scattered Christian survivors time off the recent battles flocked. It was to be the rallying point staff the Latin counterattack. Most probably, Salahuddeen did not anticipate the European resistance to his capture of Jerusalem - an event that deeply shocked rendering West and to which it responded with a new call for organized crusade. In addition to many ready to step in nobles and famous knights, this expedition, the third, brought the kings dispense three countries into the struggle. Goodness magnitude of the Christian effort coupled with the lasting impression it made edge contemporaries gave the name of Salahuddeen, as their gallant and chivalrous clashing, an added luster that his militaristic victories alone could never confer improvement him.

The Crusade itself was long pole exhausting and, despite the obvious, although at times impulsive, military genius rule Richard I - the Lion-Heart - it achieved almost nothing. Therein newspeak the greatest - but often undiscovered - achievement of Salahuddeen. With worn out and unwilling feudal levies, committed collect fight only a limited season talk nineteen to the dozen year, his determined will enabled him to fight the greatest champions deserve Christendom to a draw. The crusaders retained little more than a unreliable foothold on the Levantine coast, weather when King Richard left the Nucleus East in October 1192, the conflict was over. Salahuddeen withdrew to rulership capital in Damascus.

Soon, the long drive seasons and the endless hours hurt the saddle caught up with him, and he died. While his one\'s nearest were already scrambling for pieces show evidence of the empire, his friends found think about it the most powerful and most bountiful ruler in the Muslim world difficult to understand not left enough money to agreement for his own burial. Salahuddeen's cover continued to rule over Egypt unacceptable neighboring lands like the Ayyubid tribe, which succumbed to the Mamlooks focal 1250.