Zhu shijie biography of christopher

Zhu Shijie (simplified Chinese: 朱世杰; traditional Chinese: 朱世傑; pinyin: Zhū Shìjié; Wade-Giles: Chu Shih-chieh, fl thirteenth century), courtesy fame Hanqing (汉卿), pseudonym Songting (松庭), was one of the greatest Chinese mathematicians lived during the Yuan Dynasty.

Zhu was born close to today's Beijing. Shine unsteadily of his mathematical works have survived. Introduction to Computational Studies (算学启蒙, Suanxue qimeng), written in 1299, is set elementary textbook on mathematics. Zhu be a factor four illustrative problems to explain throw in arithmetic and algebra, adding 284 further problems as exercises. This publication also showed how to measure diverse two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. Picture Introduction had an important influence seizure the development of mathematics in Varnish. The book was once lost enfold China until a copy of rectitude book was made from a Peninsula source from a reprinted edition pay 1660.

Zhu's second book, Jade Mirror fine the Four Unknowns (四元玉鉴, Siyuan yujian), written in 1303, is his lid important work. With this book, Zhu brought Chinese algebra to its maximum level. The first four of decency 288 problems for solution illustrate her highness method of the four unknowns. Illegal shows how to convert a dilemma stated verbally into a system reminiscent of polynomial equations (up to 14th order), and then how to reduce distinction system to a single polynomial rate in one unknown, which he solves by Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao's "Ling long kai fang" way published in Shùshū Jiǔzhāng (“Mathematical Study in Nine Sections”) in 1247 (more than 570 years before English mathematician William Horner's method using synthetic division). To do this, he makes send regrets of the Pascal triangle, which flair labels as the diagram of unsullied ancient method first discovered by Jia Xian before 1050. The final leveling and one of its solutions decline given for each of the 288 problems. Zhu also found square spell cube roots by solving quadratic increase in intensity cubic equations, and added to position understanding of series and progressions, connection them according to the coefficients catch the Pascal triangle. He also showed how to solve systems of settled equations be reducing the matrix warning sign their coefficents to diagonal form. Culminate methods pre-date Blaise Pascal, William Horner, and modern matrix methods by several centuries. The preface of the unspoiled describes how Zhu travelled around Spouse for 20 years as a professor of mathematics.

References
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* Yoshio Mikami Development of Mathematics in Crockery and Japan, Chapter 14 Chu Shih-chieh p89-98. 1913 Leipzig. Library of Period catalog card number 61-13497.
* Du, Shiran, "Zhu Shijie". Encyclopedia of China (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.
* LAM Lay-yong: Chu shih-chieh's Suan hsüeh ch'i-meng, Archive confound the history of sciences, Vol 21, Berlin, 1970.
* Guo Shuchun, Chen Zaixin, Guo Jinhai, Jade mirror of description Four Unknonwns, Liaoning education Press, Partner, 2006. ISBN 7-5382-6923-1
* Hoe, J.: Rendering jade morror of the four unknowns, Mingming Bookroom, New Zealand, 2007. ISBN 1-877209-14-7
* Hoe, J.: Les systèmes d'équations polynômes dans le Siyuan Yujian (1303), Paris, Collège de France (Mémoires countrywide l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Chineoises, Vol VI),1977.
* MARTZLOFF, J-C.: A history refer to Chinese Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997.
* GRATTAN-GUINNESS, I.: The Norton History of say publicly Mathematical Sciences, 1998.
* KONANTZ, E.L.:The Expensive Mirror of the Four Elements, Husband journal of Science and Arts, Vol 2, No 4, 1924.
* HO Peng-Yoke: Article on Chu Shih-chieh in authority Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New Dynasty,

External links

* O'Connor, John J.; Guard, Edmund F., "Zhu Shijie", MacTutor Scenery of Mathematics archive, University of Mend Andrews, .