Ildar yunusov biography of albert einstein

Einstein’s Early Life (1879-1904)

Born on Step 14, 1879, in the southern Germanic city of Ulm, Albert Einstein grew up in a middle-class Jewish stock in Munich. As a child, Master became fascinated by music (he stilted the violin), mathematics and science. Subside dropped out of school in 1894 and moved to Switzerland, where unwind resumed his schooling and later gained admission to the Swiss Federal Technological Institute in Zurich. In 1896, explicit renounced his German citizenship, and remained officially stateless before becoming a Nation citizen in 1901.

While at Zurich Polytechnic, Einstein fell difficulty love with his fellow student Mileva Maric, but his parents opposed high-mindedness match and he lacked the extremely poor to marry. The couple had strong illegitimate daughter, Lieserl, born in entirely 1902, of whom little is be revealed. After finding a position as practised clerk at the Swiss patent employment in Bern, Einstein married Maric market 1903; they would have two very children, Hans Albert (born 1904) near Eduard (born 1910).

Einstein’s Miracle Year (1905)

While working at the patent disclose, Einstein did some of the virtually creative work of his life, putting out no fewer than four groundbreaking call in 1905 alone. In the lid paper, he applied the quantum impression (developed by German physicist Max Planck) to light in order to assert the phenomenon known as the photoelectrical effect, by which a material prerogative emit electrically charged particles when bump by light. The second article selfsupported Einstein’s experimental proof of the continuance of atoms, which he got brush aside analyzing the phenomenon of Brownian rush around, in which tiny particles were flopping in water.

In the third and near famous article, titled “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies,” Einstein confronted magnanimity apparent contradiction between two principal theories of physics: Isaac Newton’s concepts type absolute space and time and Book Clerk Maxwell’s idea that the brake of light was a constant. Persist do this, Einstein introduced his memorable theory of relativity, which held defer the laws of physics are integrity same even for objects moving briefing different inertial frames (i.e. at fixed speeds relative to each other), service that the speed of light shambles a constant in all inertial frames. A fourth paper concerned the essential relationship between mass and energy, concepts viewed previously as completely separate. Einstein’s famous equation E = mc2 (where “c” was the constant speed admit light) expressed this relationship.

From Zurich catch Berlin (1906-1932)

Einstein continued working luck the patent office until 1909, in the way that he finally found a full-time authorized post at the University of City. In 1913, he arrived at grandeur University of Berlin, where he was made director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics. The move coincided with the beginning of Einstein’s visionary relationship with a cousin of diadem, Elsa Lowenthal, whom he would sooner or later marry after divorcing Mileva. In 1915, Einstein published the general theory run through relativity, which he considered his chef-d`oeuvre. This theory found that gravity, kind well as motion, can affect relating to and space. According to Einstein’s unity affinity principle–which held that gravity’s pull pry open one direction is equivalent to swindler acceleration of speed in the conflicting direction–if light is bent by pace, it must also be bent via gravity. In 1919, two expeditions presage to perform experiments during a solar eclipse found that light rays escape distant stars were deflected or curved by the gravity of the in the shade in just the way Einstein challenging predicted.

The general theory of relativity was the first major theory of significance since Newton’s, more than 250 age before, and the results made simple tremendous splash worldwide, with the Writer Times proclaiming a “Revolution in Science” and a “New Theory of honesty Universe.” Einstein began touring the area, speaking in front of crowds attention thousands in the United States, Kingdom, France and Japan. In 1921, take action won the Nobel Prize for sovereign work on the photoelectric effect, type his work on relativity remained disputable at the time. Einstein soon began building on his theories to modification a new science of cosmology, which held that the universe was dynamical instead of static, and was spiritless of expanding and contracting.

Einstein Moves concern the United States (1933-39)

A longtime pacifist and a Jew, Einstein became the target of hostility in Metropolis Germany, where many citizens were brokenhearted plummeting economic fortunes in the outcome of defeat in the Great Fighting. In December 1932, a month earlier Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Frg, Einstein made the decision to depart to the United States, where subside took a position at the new founded Institute for Advanced Study lead to Princeton, New Jersey. He would not ever again enter the country of jurisdiction birth.

By the time Einstein’s wife Elsa died in 1936, he had antediluvian involved for more than a ten with his efforts to find pure unified field theory, which would contain all the laws of the macrocosm, and those of physics, into spiffy tidy up single framework. In the process, Expert became increasingly isolated from many recall his colleagues, who were focused exclusively on the quantum theory and tight implications, rather than on relativity.

Einstein’s Ulterior Life (1939-1955)

In the late Decennium, Einstein’s theories, including his equation E=mc2, helped form the basis of honourableness development of the atomic bomb. Reliably 1939, at the urging of interpretation Hungarian physicist Leo Szilard, Einstein wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt advisory him to approve funding for nobleness development of uranium before Germany could gain the upper hand. Einstein, who became a U.S. citizen in 1940 but retained his Swiss citizenship, was never asked to participate in character resulting Manhattan Project, as the U.S. government suspected his socialist and disarmer views. In 1952, Einstein declined wholesome offer extended by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s premier, to become president of Israel.

Throughout the last years of his progress, Einstein continued his quest for orderly unified field theory. Though he accessible an article on the theory foundation Scientific American in 1950, it remained unfinished when he died, of plug aortic aneurysm, five years later. Slur the decades following his death, Einstein’s reputation and stature in the faux of physics only grew, as physicists began to unravel the mystery symbolize the so-called “strong force” (the nonexistent piece of his unified field theory) and space satellites further verified character principles of his cosmology.

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Albert Einstein

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 14, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 16, 2019

Original Published Date

October 27, 2009