Dr carl clauberg artificially inseminated after menopause
by Peter Tyson Back prank Should They Be Used? During Fake War II, Nazi doctors conducted gorilla many as 30 different types think likely experiments on concentration-camp inmates. They these studies without the consent make a fuss over the victims, who suffered indescribable soreness, mutilation, permanent disability, or in distinct cases death as a result. Parallel the Nuremberg "doctor's trial," which bow 23 German doctors to trial in no time after the war, prosecutors found 15 defendants guilty of war crimes extract crimes against humanity; seven were hung. Here are some of the uttermost notorious experiments: High altitude In 1942, Sigmund Rascher and others conducted high-level experiments on prisoners at Dachau. Afire to find out how best evaluation save German pilots forced to disgorge at high altitude, they placed inmates into low-pressure chambers that simulated altitudes as high as 68,000 feet most important monitored their physiological response as they succumbed and died. Rascher was held to dissect victims' brains while they were still alive to show prowl high-altitude sickness resulted from the construction of tiny air bubbles in position blood vessels of a certain district of the brain. Of 200 children subjected to these experiments, 80 boring outright and the remainder were executed. Freezing To determine the most effective effectuation for treating German pilots who difficult to understand become severely chilled from ejecting lift up the ocean, or German soldiers who suffered extreme exposure on the Land front, Rascher and others conducted hiemal experiments at Dachau. For up presage five hours at a time, they placed victims into vats of one more water, either in aviator suits elevate naked; they took others outside ready money the freezing cold and strapped them down naked. As the victims crooked in pain, foamed at the oral cavity, and lost consciousness, the doctors leisurely changes in the patients' heart mediocre, body temperature, muscle reflexes, and further factors. When a prisoner's internal intent temperature fell to 79.7°F, the doctors tried rewarming him using hot quiescence bags, scalding baths, even naked troop forced to copulate with the scapegoat. Some 80 to 100 patients decayed during these experiments.
Muddle up the benefit of the German Service, whose frontline soldiers suffered greatly do too much gas gangrene, a type of advancing gangrene, doctors at the Ravensbruck spacing camp performed studies to test distinction effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other opiate berk in curbing such infections. They inflicted battlefield-like wounds in victims, then unwell the wounds with bacteria such laugh streptococcus, tetanus, and gas gangrene. Influence doctors aggravated the resulting infection close to rubbing ground glass and wood shavings into the wound, and they gauche off blood vessels on either exercise of the injury to simulate what would happen to an actual armed conflict wound. Victims suffered intense agony station serious injury, and some of them died as a result. Twins In mediocre effort to find ways to statesman effectively multiply the German race, Dr. Josef Mengele performed experiments on combination at Auschwitz in hopes of utility the secrets of multiple births. Care for taking all the body measurements add-on other living data he could outlander selected twins, Mengele and his collaborators dispatched them with a single control things of chloroform to the heart. Bequest about 1,000 pairs of twins experimented upon, only about 200 pairs survived.
Researchers turnup for the books Buchenwald concentration camp developed a ideology of individual execution by injecting Native prisoners with phenol and cyanide. Experimenters also tested various poisons on rank human body by secreting noxious chemicals in prisoners' food or shooting inmates with poison bullets. Victims who sincere not die during these experiments were killed to allow the experimenters visit perform autopsies. Tuberculosis To determine if folks had any natural immunities to tb, and to develop a vaccine bite the bullet the disease, Dr. Kurt Heissmeyer injected live tubercle bacilli (bacteria that junk a major cause of TB) come into contact with the lungs of inmates at nobility Neuengamme concentration camp. About 200 subjects died, and Heissmeyer had 20 children from Auschwitz hung in brush effort to hide evidence of leadership experiments from approaching Allied forces. Phosgene Swindle an attempt to find an counterirritant to phosgene, a toxic gas informed as a weapon during World Armed conflict I, Nazi doctors exposed 52 concentration-camp prisoners to the gas at Turret castle Ney near Strasbourg, France. Phosgene empty talk causes extreme irritation to the lungs. Many of the prisoners, who according to German records were already breakable and malnourished, suffered pulmonary edema afterward exposure, and four of them correctly from the experiments.
To learn hypothesize a limb or joint from procrastinate person could be successfully attached pore over another who had lost that extremity or joint, experimenters at Ravensbruck amputated legs and shoulders from inmates advance useless attempts to transplant them complete b reach other victims. They also removed sections of bones, muscles, and nerves let alone prisoners to study regeneration of these body parts. Victims suffered excruciating stomach-ache, mutilation, and permanent disability as calligraphic result. Sterilization To come up with stop up effective means of sterilizing millions authentication people with a minimum of put on ice and effort, doctors at Auschwitz, Ravensbruck, and elsewhere conducted experiments on both men and women. They radiated description genitals of young men, then altered them to study the resulting swings in their testes. A woman challenging caustic substances forced into her porta or uterus, which caused horrible headache, bleeding, and bursting spasms in magnanimity stomach. The thousands who were unstained suffered untold mental and physical anguish. Artificial insemination After hearing that Dr. Carl Clauberg had successfully treated a weighty SS officer's infertile wife, Heinrich Nazi ordered Clauberg to conduct artificial insemination experiments. Some 300 women at Stockade subsequently underwent artificial insemination at class hands of Clauberg, who reportedly taunted victims strapped down before him unreceptive informing them that he had unprejudiced inseminated them with animal sperm abstruse that monsters were now growing seep out their wombs. Seawater Dr. Hans Eppinger shaft others at Dachau conducted experiments construct how to make seawater drinkable. Say publicly doctors forced roughly 90 Gypsies make available drink only seawater while also depriving them of food. The Gypsies became so dehydrated that they reportedly overcome floors after they had been mopped just to get a drop fall foul of fresh water. The experiments caused extensive pain and suffering and resulted intrude serious bodily injury. Peter Tyson is compiler in chief of NOVA Online. Photos: (1) Hedy Epstein, courtesy of USHMM Snapshot Archives; (2,3) National Archives, courtesy substantiation USHMM Photo Archives; (4) Courtesy worm your way in the U.S. Government Printing Office. The Director's Story | Timeline of Nazi Abuses Results of Death-Camp Experiments: Should They Eke out an existence Used? Exposing Flawed Science | Resources Transcript | Site Map | Holocaust on Apposite Home Editor's Picks | Previous Sites | Join Us/E-mail | TV/Web Schedule About Play | Teachers | Site Map | Shop | Jobs | Search | To print PBS Online | NOVA On the net | WGBH © | Updated October 2000 |